Taɣellist ɣef tmes 01

I- Seg Lɛafya ɣer Tmes

i- Tiẓri ɣef tmes

Seg mi d-tecfa ddunit, times tesenɛetbar amdan, tessewhem-it, amek I tettendah d wamek i tettenfufud !

Yennuda umdan ad tt-yessinen (domestiquer), ad tt-yesseqdec akken ad yesgerrez tudert-is.

Ur iɛeṭṭel ara, yessaweḍ ad tt-yesseqdec deg lfayda-ines deg waṭas n tegnatin d waṭas n taɣulin, maca, ur yessaweḍ ara ad yetḥekkem deg-s s tseddi, ur yessaweḍ ara ad yetḥekkem deg wayen i d-tessexlaf ! Daɣen, lɛafya, yezmer ad tuɣal d aferdis usenger i yesseqdacen kra ma yufa akken ad yesmendeg, ad yenfufed, alama tuɣal seg LƐAFYA ɣer TMES.

Lixsas n tiktiwin d tmusni, d usileɣ deg wannar i yellan d tawtilt tagejdant deffir n twuɣa i s-id-tgellu deg tudert n umdan.

Daɣen, llant tewtilin tigmawiyin (naturelle) i d-yekkan seg ugama, neɣ s useqdec n tfasa i ilan assaɣ d waṭas n  tegnatin n Tmes.

Myal aseggas, aṭas n teɣtas  i yettmettaten ɣef dra n TMES ; s tmerɣiwt, s uṭabux-is, s lgaz n tmerɣiwt, s uneqḍaɛ n nnefs...

Tizrawin, sbegnent-d, d akken, tuget n tedyanin i yeḍran, tiwuɣa yezmer lḥal ad sent-ssinfen (éviter).

Asenqes n umihi, yettas-d s umuqel ɣef kra n ttawil uɛeggen ɣef wayen i izemren ad n-yeḍru. Ɣef waya i d-yella leqdic-a, d kra n usegzi n kra n twetlin, d tikta n umihi ɣef tmes akked wallalen d ttawilat i d-sbeddent tezrawin i yibeddi mgal tiwuɣa d taxazabiyin i yezmer ad d-teglu tmes.

IXEF AMEZWARU

LƐAFYA D UNALKAM-INES

I- LƐAFYA D TMES[1]

i- Tabadut Tmerɣiwt[2] : Timerɣiwt, d asedmar n unaɣur gar Imerɣi akked Luksijin deg tegnawt. Asedmar-a yuḥwaǧ aɣbalu ; i yellan d aẓɣal.

ii- S wacu i temmug tegnawt :

 

 iii- Times : D timerɣiwt i yettemhazen (yettnernin) war ma nla fell-as afus, ur netḥekkim ara deg-s deg wakud d wadeg/talunt. Lɛafya d timerɣiwt deg netḥekkim.

iv- Aglam n tmagit-is :

 - Amezhar[3] ad yeskef nnesma n tegnawt semḍen deg wadda-ines, ma d tagnawt yeḥman tettali ɣef usawen, tettaɛlay.

 - Azɣal ɣur yessawaḍ umezhar, yettemgarad gar 600°c ɣer 1200°c.

v- Akerdis n Lɛafya :

Akken lɛafya ad tekker, yewwi-d ad zdint kraḍet n tewtilin umi ssawalen : Akerdis n Lɛafya.

 

a-  Imerɣi[4] : D taɣawsa i d-yettaken tanga tamezwarut i yeseččayen timerɣiwt. Yezmer ad yili d :

-  Aquran : Asɣar, lkaɣeḍ, leqqmac...

- Amenɣal : zzit...

- Lgaz : Lgaz Buṭan, lgaz aḥerfi...

b- Tagnawt : D luksijin i yellan deg tegnawt i yettaǧǧan amezhar ad yemhaz.

Tamawt : Tuḥwaǧǧ 15% n luksijin akken ad tekker.

c- Tafasa n usermed[5] : D aɣbalu n uzɣal i yettaǧǧan ad tebdu tmerɣiwt ; yezmer ad tili d :

-  Amezhar, trisiti, Agzel-sunneḍ[6],  ifṭiwej, lḥeman, aḥukku, aẓun...

vi-  Imerɣi d kra n ittewlen[7] :

- Aggaz n ucɛal/tukra : D azɣal ɣur yessawaḍ imerɣi ad d-yefk ayen iwulmen n ucayaḍ i wakken ad tekker deg-s mi yemlal d tfasa n usermed. Ɣas tettwakkes tneggarut-a, amezhar yettkemmil.

- Agaz Wafa[8] : D azɣal anda yettaweḍ imerɣi ad d-yessufeɣ ayen iwulmen n ucayaḍ akken ad tecɛel deg-s mi yemlal d tfasa usermed. War ma ikemmel umezhar ma tettwakkes tneggarut-a (tafasa usermed).

- Agaz n tukra iman-is : D azɣal anda tettaweḍ tanga ad tekker deg-s iman-is, war ma yennul-itt-id umezhar.

V- Kra n imedyaten ɣef wagaz n tukra iman-is d wagaz n wafa :

Imerɣi	Agaz n Wafa	Agaz n tukra iman-is
Buṭan	Lgaz	405°c
Lmaẓut	55°c	330°c
Lisuns	-37°c	460°c
Propane	Lgaz	450°c

Ø  Tazmert n tirɣi  : D agmuḍ n uẓɣal ɣur yezmer ad d-yekk seg tmerɣiwt tummidt n 1 kg n imerɣi ;

- Aquran neɣ amenɣal ; tayunt-is : Kj/kg.

- neɣ n 1 m³ n lgaz ; tayunt-is : Kj/m³.

Ø Taẓwert/Anezmar[9] n  tirɣi  : D agmuḍ n uẓɣal i yezmer ad d-yekk seg tmerɣiwt tummidt n tangayin i merra i yellan sdaxel n tzeqqa. Tayunt-is : Mj/m².[10]

Tamawt : Deg tmes, amezhar-nni i nettwali ur yettaṭṭaf ara deg imerɣi s timmad-is maca deg lgaz i d-yessufuɣ ; timerɣiwt, tettili-d ala deg lgaz, d lgaz i d-yessufuɣ imerɣi s timmad-is ticki yessaweḍ ɣer kra n tsedart tameqqrant deg uẓɣal:

-         Ma imerɣi d aquran : yettak-d lgaz yettak-d lgaz ideg yettaṭṭaf umezhar.

-         Ma d amenɣal : Mi icaḍ, yettaṭṭaf umezhar deg ucayaḍ.

Ṭṭef deg tidmi-k(m):

1)    Akken ad tili lɛafya, yewwi-d ad zdint kraḍet n tɣawsiwin :

-  Imerɣi, Tagnawt (luksijin), tafasa n usermed.

2)    S nnig n 15% n luksijin i ilaqen i tukra n lɛafya.

3)    Imerɣi s timmad-is, ur tettekker ara deg-s, maca, tettekker deg lgaz i d-yessufuɣ, skud izeqqel, skud lgaz ad d-yetteffeɣ deg-s, skud amezhar yettkemmil.

Yettkemmil, s-ɣur : X.Y

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[1] Semgardeɣ gar “lɛafya d tmes” akken ad siǧehdeɣ, tasniremt deg taɣult. Imi deg taɣult-a, temgarad, aken qqaren deg tefransist  : “Feu et incendie”.

[2] Timerɣiwt > La Combistion.

[3] Amezhar > La Flamme.

[4] Imerɣi > Combistible.

[5] Tafasa n usermed > Energie d’activation.

[6] Agzel-sunneḍ > Court-circuit : seg usegzawal n Mohand MAHRAZI,  DICTIONNAIRE d‟électrotechnique Français-Tamazight, Haut Commissariat à l‟Amazighité 2011

[7] Ittewlen > caractéristiques.

[8] Afa (addad amaruz > wafa), > Eclair, Seg usegzawal n Mohand MAHRAZI,  DICTIONNAIRE d‟électrotechnique Français-Tamazight, Haut Commissariat à l‟Amazighité 2011.

[9] Anezmar : Potentiel. Seg usegzawal n Mohand MAHRAZI,  DICTIONNAIRE d‟électrotechnique Français-Tamazight, Haut Commissariat à l‟Amazighité 2011.

[10] Mj : Méga Jul.